Estimated American troops in France now total between 400,000 and 500,000

Thursday, January 17, 1918:

Another trip has been made by our section to Bar-le-Duc leaving with cars from here Saturday January 12, but I begged off on grounds of no gloves and with five others spent a very pleasant vacation in these barracks. The weather was delightful so that the boys were able to return Monday night. They reported the most successful convoy yet and all seemed to be in good spirits, only bringing back two malades--stomach trouble.

The most excitement this place has seen for some time took place yesterday when 300 new Allentown men marched in on us. They just arrived from the States landing, direct route, at Brest. About 25,000 troops came over in their convoy and they report that the Vaterland [S.S. Leviathan] arrived safely the week before with 12,500 on board depositing her cargo in England. Things are picking up. It is estimated that American troops in France must now total between 400,000 and 500,000 in number.

This new crowd are almost unanimously “Kites” and, of course, most green. They are much awed with the trenches around here and the guns in an artillery school in Chantilly almost created a havoc. They are all casuals and have wild ideas that they are going out soon.

Censored

During his time in France, many of Grant's letters to the United States were subject to military censorship. He sometimes got around this by giving letters to Miss Emma Mullen to mail from Paris directly.

The letter below is an example of one that was censored before it reached his family in Minnesota. He even censored his own writing by using only first initials when recounting a tale about his comrades.

Grant had good reason to mind what he wrote in letters. His fellow Norton-Harjes volunteers, William Slater Brown and E. E. Cummings, were jailed in September 1917 on suspicion of espionage based on what French censors had read in some of Brown's letters. Cummings used the experience for the basis of his autobiographical novel, The Enormous Room, published in 1922. In an interesting coincidence Cummings only refers to Brown as B____ in the book.

January 14, 1918

Dear Family:-

Like the polar bears, this camp seems to be waking from a long winter period of somnambulism. This rejuvenation has ooooozed into our very spirits just as this French mud oooozes through our waterproof army shoes.

(1) We haven’t had snow or rain for two days and we have actually caught sight of the sun for awhile each of these two days andIt’s pretty hard to pick out a cause. There seem to be two more likely causes.

(2) “for every action there is an equal and contrary reaction.”

The power of resignation in us mortals seems to be asserting itself and such remarks as these are frequently heard. “There must be worse places in France than S__________” or “Try to imagine yourself in the trenches during this weather and be thankful for that nice fire you are sitting beside.” Yes, though well nigh half of our time in France has already been spent right here in this camp we could fare far worse, so why complain?

There is very little of what I would like to say that would seep through to you so you will have to be content, for the time being, with the more commonplace. The camp is very small now-–like one big happy family. Food has improved, details have diminished and the sun has shone. The evenings are spent around one stove in the middle of the barracks solving many such trivial problems as the termination of this little contest between Fritz and the rest of the world. Sometimes the answer is, “as soon as Uncle Sam gets into the trenches;” sometimes it is, “this coming February because the Bible says so;” other times it is “30 years more.” Whereupon countless pictures are painted of the various men in our section 30 years from now in an old soldiers’ home somewhere.

The idiosyncrasies of men in and about camp are very fertile bases for many of our evening talks. You would think yourself in a ladies sewing-bee at times. For instance: since we have been here in camp there has been in our midst a young glutton whom I’m sure could have eaten Ben Johnson under the table. Many futile attempts had been made to discourage this “cuckoo” on his way toward starving the American army in France by consuming all the grub himself but it only served to whet his desire to be a camp hero. Until one fine day there appeared in camp a youngster whose age lacked two years of being a score but whose age was in no way indicative of his capacity. This chap almost starved to death until one week they tried him out on K.P. (Kitchen Police) and it was there that we “learned about eating from him.” His first breakfast consisted of twenty-four pieces of toast and eight bowls of milk and the look of surprise that came into his face when someone called his attention to it was basis enough for a very heated discourse on the art of gormandizing, that night around the fire. The congregation seemed to be split in sentiment some maintaining that S___, who had long before been unanimously awarded the “brown-derby” could still hold good his reputation and the remainder contending that H___ would still be eating when S___ had passed out. The meeting grew quite boisterous until H___ himself entered, having sat one hour and a half longer at the table than we had. “H___,” exclaimed one of the debaters, “do you think you can out-eat S___?” “Who me?” quoth the youth, “Why, I would eat him under with one hand tied behind my back – broad – bladed knives and shovels barred.” Whereupon there arose a challenge from the S___ supporters and the contest was arranged. Arrangements were put into the hands of a grub committee, entrance tickets sold for 50 centimes a piece and all bets were covered. It was the most evenly divided contest I have ever known. On Saturday morning of the contest the camp found a notice on the bulletin board which read something like this: [censored] in France [censored] are slowly [censored] gormandizing or unnecessary consumption of food in this camp will be looked upon with disfavor by its officers” – signed by one of the camp majors. This put an end to the contest but not to the discussion. It still goes on. The boys had trained for it, H___ still maintaining that he could [censored] in the [censored] I never [censored]. Put a little gravy on a piece of board and he would eat it and pass up his plate for more. Doesn’t it all remind you of a ladies sewing circle?

But now I must leave you. I am going down to a near-by village and eat in style this evening. We shall probably have an omelet and French-fried potatoes both of which this lady makes to perfection. And we sit down to a table and are waited on.

Hope your not too cold and suffering from lack of coal.

Much love – Grant.

P.S.:- You’ve asked me so many times if there wasn’t something you could send me. At last I’ve thought of something – three or four tubes of Kolynos tooth paste and the same number of Williams shaving cream tubes, each tube costing 25¢, when I left the States. Also, if you can find them without going to too much expense, -- a pair of warm leather driving gloves or gauntlets. Fingers are necessary and gauntlets are preferable because they prevent the wind from mounting your arm. These are all nonperishable goods and I’m sure will reach me eventually addressed to:

Pvt. Grant R. Willard

Convois Automobiles,

S.S.U. 647

Par B.C.M.

Paris, France.

This is the latest and best address.

Much love,

Grant.

Talk of your cold! Through the parka’s fold it stabbed like a driven nail.

The winter of 1917-18 was one of the coldest in the 20th century. There are references to the cold winds and heavy snows that blanketed the trenches in various WWI memoirs. Encamped in the old stone farmhouse on the Sandricourt estate, Grant Willard and the rest of the ambulance men endured the cold but at least would not have to worry about gun or shell fire until the spring.

Sunday, January 13, 1918:

Three weeks ago when I started to write in this book while in bed I was prevented by the cold. There was a good fire going in a stove at the foot of my bed, but it is impossible to heat the air at a greater radius than 3 ft. and then it passes out a hole in the roof.

They say that “history repeats itself.” A good deal of history has been repeated right here in this place and most of it seems like ancient history to us. There seems to be no more purpose and forethought to this camp than before. We are still doing the same odd jobs, talking about the same things and cursing our fate -- what fools we humans are!

Christmas was a dull day here. There was supposed to be no details, but the worst of them had to go on of course. There was the sanitary detail, guard and kitchen detail. I was assigned to K.P. to help give the boys as merry a Christmas as possible. There was nothing during the day which would mark it in any way from any other day and as I look back on it now it hardly seems possible that Christmas has come and gone. In the evening there was a stupid entertainment in the YMCA and afterward presents were passed out to every man in camp. There were the various individual gifts to the YMCA from the States to the men each with the name and address of the donor enclosed. Mine was from a Miss Clara N. Bartlett, 57 Baldwin St., Charlestown, Mass. Then the Red Cross gave little bags or comfort kits to all army men. These contained handkerchiefs, tooth brushes, tooth paste, smoking tobacco, candy, gum etc. and were very practical indeed and the boys were very grateful for them. The YMCA gifts were nice, but contained such a silly lot of trash such as toys, puzzles and rank chewing tobacco.

The Saint-Nazaire trip was miserable. Saint-Nazaire being on the coast gets the benefit (?) of the ocean breezes only instead of there being breezes during our stay there they had become heavy winds combined with rain, sleet and snow. We were there but one day during which time we all got thoroughly chilled a

nd soaked. We slept in barracks with no stoves. I was never so cold in my life, but was somewhat cheered up when I found that I drew a staff car to drive instead of one of the trucks. There were about eight staff cars, eight trucks had no shelter except one isinglass curtain while the other cars could be entirely closed in.

On Tuesday, December 17, we left Saint-Nazaire headed for Sandricourt, but instead of driving a nice staff car I was shivering in a light truck. Little Keever wasn’t feeling well so we traded cars. Thanks to my fur coat I came through without freezing anything. We spent our first night at Angers and the second night at Chartres. The cathedral at Chartres is supposed to be very wonderful, but we pulled in in the dark and left before we were entirely awake the next morning so we didn’t even see the cathedral. Sandricourt never looked so good before. All the cars came through whole with one exception and that was when Harris skidded into a tree and bent his rear-X (not his’n but the car’s, I mean).

On Wednesday, the day after Christmas, we took 24 ambulances up to Bar-le-Duc--that is we started to take them. Because there had been so much trouble on previous convoys with meals and sleeping quarters Major Chaudron was sent along with us. The ambulances were newly equipped American Field Service Fords. Its the neatest equipment I have seen on any ambulances in France. The bodies are wood instead of papier-mâché; The tool equipment is most complete; the driving seat is much more comfortable than those of the American Army issue. [The trip] will pass down as one of the worst trips Section 647 ever took. The weather couldn’t have been worse. The roads were slippery and the snow flew with a swift, cold wind right into our faces making it impossible to drive into at times. We made la Ferté-Gaucher for the first night. It was a shame that the weather was so poor because we passed through territory which really marked the battle of the Marne in ’14. We skirted Coulommiers which marks pretty closely the center of General Foch’s attack upon the advancing Boche and resulted in his outflanking them and forcing the whole German right wing to beat a hasty retreat from, you might say, the gates of Paris. The French corporal led the convoy and made most of his stops in villages thus giving us a chance to run into cafés for coffee. In these places we heard many interesting stories of the retreat at first hand.

Thursday broke cold, but clear not snowing until the afternoon. ’Twas a very interesting day. The roads were sheer ice and many was the car that turned around on the road while trying to stop. Just out of Sézanne, Pop Carry skidded into a curb and broke a rear wheel. A little further on Fraser skidded off the road and turned over. Fortunately he escaped without a scratch. The Boche retreat in this sector was so rapid and their stay so short that everything was left without much devastation. The graves in this district line the roads, the more elaborate French crosses contrasted with the plain Boche crosses. We spent the night comfortably in a school house at St. Dizier where I stood guard from 2:30 to 4:30 A.M. “Talk of your cold! Through the parka’s fold it stabbed like a driven nail.” [This is a line from "The Cremation Of Sam McGee" by Robert Service.] From St. Dizier it was but a short run into Bar-le-Duc. Poor old Bar-le-Duc is a different place today than it was last September. Boche planes have

completely demolished certain sections of the city. Inhabitants are scarcer than ever before. They told us that the place hadn’t been bombed for three months and already the people were beginning to move back to the city. They are deathly afraid of bombs in Bar and one certainly can’t blame them.

We took the 5:50 train for Paris arriving there shortly after 10 P.M. Went right to bed very tired and I personally suffering from indigestion. We were given the day in Paris. Johnny and I called on Miss Mullen in her new quarters--Hotel Brighton. Returned to Sandricourt on the 7:10 very tired and glad to be back in our more or less comfortable barracks.

I can’t seem to wax enthusiastic over anything these days.

It goes without saying that 1917 was one of the most momentous years of the 20th century. The First World War was in its third year with no end in sight. The Americans joined the party in April, and the Russians, rocked by revolutions, left it in November. On the Western Front, months-long battles followed each other at Arras, Chemin des Dames, Passchendaele and Cambrai. Pushed to the breaking point, the French Army was seriously threatened by mutiny. The fighting was not limited, however, to Europe; battles were being fought in Africa and the Middle East. On the Red Sea Arabian troops seized Aqaba from the Turks.

Of course, 1917 was not all war. In that year the 2 millionth Ford Model T rolled off the assembly line, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded and the U.S. bought the Virgin Islands from Denmark.

In 1917 Ella Fitzgerald, John F. Kennedy and Indira Gandhi were born, and William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, Edgar Degas and Auguste Rodin died.

On the last day of 1917 Private Grant Willard sat down to write his family back in Mankato, Minnesota, about recent events. His outfit made several long trips in December to pick up Ford ambulances at the French port and deliver them to the front and Sandricourt. Driving for hours in the cold and wet, Grant caught a bad cold that hung on into Christmas.

Dec. 31, 1917

Dear Family:-

Christmas has come and gone and this is New Year’s Eve. It has all certainly been an unique experience for most of us. As Johnnie said yesterday, “I can hardly believe that Xmas is actually over.” And we’re not very anxious to spend another Xmas over here under the same conditions.

Christmas day was cold and dreary. The camp arose at 6:30 in darkness and tried hard to wish each other a “Merry Xmas.” I went right over to the kitchen for I was on K.P. to help give the boys as good a time as possible. We couldn’t fix the shack up very well because of lack of material but we did serve the food hot. Our menu was turkey, mashed potatoes, dressing, bread pudding, cake, figs, dates, candy, cigars (and all the wine the boys could walk away with). It was a pretty good dinner and I hope the boys appreciated the work it took in preparation. We fed about 100 men. As my whole day was spent in the kitchen I hardly realized that it was Xmas. The biggest treat of all came on Xmas eve when Johnnie Taylor came back from Paris with about six letters for me. There was one from Dad, one from Mother, Alice and Carolyn and Alice Farr. I was awfully glad to get them – they helped out much in making Xmas what it ought to be.

It would seem from your letters that I have been rather hazy in describing my present occupation and you are naturally curious to know what we are doing. I have been all this time trying to find out the same thing you want to know and I’m still in the dark. Odd jobs such as cranking and repairing Fords, setting up field kitchens, etc. seem to be our assigned tasks and to what it is all pointing none of us can find out. As I have already told you we have been taking some convoys to and from various places. Some have been ambulances up to the front and others have been Ford trucks from St. Nazaire to here. The work is far from interesting in this weather, which is cold, windy and with considerable snow from here north. There has been a great deal of dissatisfaction among the men of our section most of whom are old Norton-Harjes men who have seen service at the front and are naturally discontented with anything less. It has been rumored that they are trying to make a casual section our of us to act as a reserve, subject to call when needed, and in the meantime to keep Sandricourt Camp in good condition and to replace all old Fiat sections with Ford cars. This is the most likely report, I think, although there is absolutely nothing official upon which to base any speculation whatever.

Wednesday, Jan. 2, 1918

Yesterday being New Years we had the day off and I spent it in bed as did many others. Our last trip to Bar-le-Duc with a section of Ford ambulances in a blinding snowstorm was too much of a strain on most of the fellows and many of us have been laid up for a few days. There is nothing on a Ford ambulance to protect one’s face from the wind. It was beastly cold all the way up with a 60 mile an hour wind blowing most of the time. The roads were like sheer ice so that we were compelled to take three days going up instead of two. We only lost two cars, both from skidding and no one was hurt. One car skidded into a curbing and crushed a rear wheel and the other skidded off the road completely and rolled over on its side. Fraser, the driver, is an old Section 61 man-–he miraculously escaped injury. I had my first experience of dropping out of place in convoy-–once with set clutch bands and again with frozen water. Hap and Johnnie were both along and came through with no trouble to speak of although I think every one dropped out of convoy at least once. I hope this is interesting to you. I can’t seem to wax enthusiastic over anything these days. It did seem good to be back into old Bar again. It was on my last visit there that I had a memorable experience in an air raid of which I think I told you. Since then they have been raided many times and the town has been evacuated twice. Certain sections are in ruins and the old hotel in which I slept last September is shattered by nearby explosions.

Coming back we got Sunday in Paris. Most of the day was spent in cleaning up and various baths were lavishly patronized. I saw Miss Mullen. She has moved temporarily to Hotel Brighton and expects to locate an apartment soon. Last night I got a second pair of socks from Dot with a box of cigarettes. It must have been sent some time ago but was held for a Xmas package as it was so labeled on the outside.

We got back into camp Sunday night (Dec. 30) and I went to bed with a bum stomach. The only good food we get on these trips we buy ourselves--the rest is cold and not very appetizing. Lamentable condition but true.

Now I must quit for I have many other letters

to write before I go to Paris in the morning where I will mail this.

With much love,

Grant.

Future Address:-

U.S.A. Amb. Section 647

A.E.F. with the French Army,

Par B.C.M. France.

Strange to say it seemed a great relief to be back in the midst of destruction again.

Grant's boredom in camp is broken up by volunteering for KP and a road trip.

Tuesday, December 10, 1917:

Still at Sandricourt with no signs of departure in the near future. Sections have come and gone, but we stay on forever keeping the camp in shape and doing the work of a day laborer. Brownie has gone and we miss him. A California man has taken his place in the barracks and we have nothing in common.

On Monday, Dec. 2, Eric Astlett, “Pinard Joe,” “Mac” McGuire and myself volunteered for Kitchen Police. This regular detail consists of pealing potatoes, carrots and onions, cutting and carrying wood for kitchen fires, serving meals, washing dishes and helping the cooks generally. It’s the dirtiest, rottenest, hardest, longest and most thankless job on the place, but it pays well in eats, gives one a good stand in with his section cook and is a relief in its regularity. We have volunteered for another week and were readily accepted because the cooks don’t like to be continually breaking in new recruits. We get up at 5:45, start right in working and don’t quit until 7:30 at night. We are relieved from every other work--morning roll-call, noon recall and mess-call, French class, evening recall and retreat. There are three French women and one Frenchman cook who do the kitchen work and preparation of meals. Then there are the various American section cooks who have a kitchen of their own and help out the meals by supplying such side dishes as an occasional salad, pies, baking-powder biscuits, stews, etc. We are really eating very well indeed out here. We K.P.s stand in well with the cooks by working hard and long. With the women we are all “Mon cher.” The French are very willing to do anything for an A.R.C. man so that in the kitchen we stand ace high. The Allentown men don’t get far and I’m afraid are making a reputation in this section which is somewhat of a slander on the true American character.

Last Wednesday, Dec. 4, the monotony of this camp life was broken by the departure of 20 Ford ambulances for the front to replace a section of Fiat cars there. Noyon is located about 50 km northwest of Soissons, but still in the Department of Oise. The famous St. Quentin district is almost directly north about 50 km. So that while the district is now comparatively quiet the ruins are many and exceedingly complete in places. The Germans were forced to evacuate this territory not more than nine months ago so that there is much which has been left untouched since the evacuation. Strange to say it seemed a great relief to be back in the midst of destruction again. The sound of guns was like sweet music and more than one “conductor” on that convoy longed to be left there to once more share the risks of those brave French warriors. We left Sandricourt at about 9 A.M. and reached Chantilly by noon and ate our lunch there. Chantilly is the famous racing center of France and hence has become pretty well filled up with English horse breeders and jockeys. Practically every one speaks English there so we had a fine half hour there. We didn’t have time to see the course. Racing has practically passed out now of course, but some of the horses are still there and the track is ever kept ready.

Many funny things happened in the morning. Most of us had become accustomed to running automobiles so knew nothing of the mysteries of a Ford. The parade had hardly started when Hap Ahlers tried to scale a rock pile in his car and all hands had to turn-to to get him off his perch. While passing through the town of Beaumont, Horn Snader ran down a hearse on its solemn way to the cemetery followed by quite a line of sorrowing ones. It was really awfully funny to an unprejudiced onlooker and still funnier to hear him tell the story, but to those nearest and dearest ones it didn’t seem so funny. The Sergent de ville threatened all kinds of punishment and had poor Snader nearly wild when our lieutenant showed up and smoothed the matter over. Fortunately the car was not much damaged.

We arrived at Noyon about 4 o’clock and left the cars in an auto park there. We took a 5:50 train to Paris where we spent the night leaving at 7:40 the next morning for Sandricourt. It was great sport and I hope we may repeat it in the near future.

Have learned our lesson and now loaf and dodge all the work we can.

Thanksgiving Day, 1917, fell on the fifth Thursday of November. For the French, struggling through the fourth bloody autumn of war, it was just another Thursday. But for USAAS men encamped at Sandricourt, the holiday was a reminder of their homes and families far away. Grant recorded his reflections in his journal.

Friday, November 30, 1917:

Still at Sandricourt, but now in the capacity of a 1st class private instead of a “buck” private. The only difference it makes is $3 a month. We still do slaves’ work, but instead of doing it all we have learned our lesson and now loaf and dodge all the work we can. It seems a shame that men who are really serious and desirous of pushing ahead regardless of sacrifice have to

be held down to the lowest level by men who have received their officer's appointment through inside [deals]. ‘Twas ever thus and probably always will be.

Yesterday was Thanksgiving and a holiday. The morning was spent in cleaning up and airing clothes until 10:30 when practically everyone went to the service at the YMCA. We had a layman YMCA worker from the headquarters in Paris speak to us. He gave a good talk followed by a speech from the Doctor. The spirit of the whole thing was fine, but I surely do get tired of hearing the doctor talk. He’s too idealistic to be at all practical and popular.

At noon we ate turkey, cranberry sauce, mashed potatoes, creamed cauliflower, cabbage salad, pumpkin pie, nuts, figs, dates and drank much red and white wine. It was a very good dinner indeed. There were few in camp who had not felt the warming effect of the wine and the afternoon was noisy indeed with football and baseball.

In the evening we had a pianist and violinist in camp who gave a fine concert in the YMCA. Ed Browning and I sneaked off down to an old deserted house near here where we built a fire, and talked and wrote letters. Brownie left today to train as a “sapper.” Brownie was a fine kid, bunking next to me so that we got very well acquainted.

I took out $10,000 of the new government insurance against death or total disability.

A week before Thanksgiving, Grant wrote his family about life at Sandricourt, going on at length about the Y.M.C.A. in camp. This would have been of great interest to his father, W.D. Willard, who had been involved with the Y.M.C.A. during his college days at the University of Minnesota in the 1880s. W.D. became a founder and ardent supporter of the Mankato branch of the organization.

November 22, 1917

Dear Family:-

At last, after more than one month, I have received some mail – much mail. Mother’s letters inclosing notes from Dad dated Sept. 30, Oct. 8 and Oct. 21 have been received and Dad’s letter enclosing a 300 franc draft dated Sept. 27 is here. You may wager your last penny I was glad to get them. Letters from Dorothy, Lillian and Cousin Elsie, Mrs. Houghton, Alice Farr, Alice Robbins, Tib and others came at the same time. Also a fine box of fudge from Bernice Morrow and a big box containing socks, eats, tobacco and gum from Dot put in their appearance. It surely seemed like Xmas.

I want to answer a few questions now.

Are my clothes warm enough? Yes, such as they are. My big sheep-skin coat has come in most handy. The nights are cold and the days are growing colder. Good serviceable clothing, such as sweaters which can be worn under the uniform, wool socks large enough to go over another pair and come just below the knee, helmets, knitted mitten, wristlets, will all be very welcome to us over here. Those pajamas you sent me were great. Can you send me two more of the union kind?

Do you get our papers? I did get your papers regularly before the service changed. Since then I have received none.

Dad says: “I hope you don’t mean by your letter of Sept. 6 that our boys ought not to get into the fight. Have you any question as to the rightness of our position?” NO, not for a minute. I can find nothing in my diary for that date to give me inkling as to what I may have referred to. There has been considerable criticism of the general attitude on the part of American officers in this country but I am sure it will all pass over as soon as America has actually gotten into things and has taken over an active front. I may have meant that it would have been criminal for America to put her men into the trenches immediately upon arrival on this side without first receiving training at the hands of those nations with fighting experience. Now, however, it is the current opinion over here that the American troops who first arrived have had sufficient training and that the sooner they get into action the better it will be for all concerned. We are fighting for a great principle – democracy – and we can’t go too far toward the complete abolition of autocracy.

Friday – November 23

This story was suddenly interrupted yesterday by the call to retreat – 4:45 P.M. After retreat comes supper. You may wonder how it was that I had yesterday for P.M. off for writing letters. I wonder at it a bit myself. I simply didn’t report for detail but came right over to the Y.M.C.A. to write. Nothing has been said yet and I don’t expect there will be. We are working very hard at most anything which can be found for us to do toward making this camp comfortable for those who follow us. This morning’s work has been interrupted by the arrival of about 150 new men last night. I hope to be able to spend the morning right here in this chair.

A bit of what the Y.M.C.A. is doing right here in this particular camp might be of interest to you. In brief, it’s the “hangout” of the camp. Why do the fellows hangout here? Because it’s warm, due to the wood floor, double canvas wall and two stoves; because there are tables and chairs here on which papers and magazines of comparatively recent date are at our disposal; because there are many books to read, and books are a scarce article as a rule in a camp like this; because there is a Victrola with good records and a piano here; and last, but not least, is the canteen where Swiss chocolate, salted peanuts, crackers, tobacco and cigars may be purchased at minimum cost. This is supposed to be the busy part of the day but there are at least 25 men in here right now – most of them reading – (8:15 A.M.). In addition to furnishing all this to us the Y.M.C.A. furnishes weekly entertainments in which local talent is much in evidence. Occasionally we have regular entertainers from Paris. These are usually followed by a little feed consisting of hot coffee, sandwiches and apples. Once we had real American pies made by one of our American cooks in camp – and they were good. Then we have an occasional “sing” when the fellows gather around the piano and shout old songs at the top of their lungs. Every Sunday the doctor conducts a morning and evening service. These, I’m sorry to say, are not very popular as time goes on. He’s a fine man but not enough “one of them” to be able to get ahold of them. He is a very good French teacher. We have daily classes in French here in this room and the major has made it compulsory for every man to join a class.

Now I must hurry this letter along for I want to finish it before class begins. There is one more thing I want to get off my chest before quitting.

Yesterday I took out $10,000 of the new government insurance. It is, of course, war insurance against death or total disability. My policy is to be taken out in favor of Mother. In case of my death while this war still exists she would get $10,000 plus the interest in monthly installments over a period of 20 years. Ten thousand is the maximum limit. The policy is good for 5 years after the termination of the war during which time it may be transferred into a regular policy on a basis not yet known to us. In case of the death of the beneficiary the insurance is transferable to any member of the family next in line. I pay monthly a premium of $6.50 which is deducted from my pay. Certainly no insurance could be cheaper and I figure that the maximum is the least I can do for those who have owned and run me for so long.

I have said quite enough for this time. Am sending this letter into Paris to be mailed for reasons which I think will be obvious to you.

Much love,

Grant.

c/o Miss E. G. Mullen

Hotel Lotti

Paris